The influence of glicerides oil phase on O/W nanoemulsion formation by pic method

The aim of this work was preparation and characterization of nanoemulsions containing Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride, Caprylic/Capric/Linoleic Triglyceride and Caprylic/Capric/Succinic Triglyceride as the oil phase. Stable emulsion system was obtained by using Polisorbate 40 as emulsifier and n-buthanol as cosurfactant. The formulations were prepared by phase inversion composition method (PIC), one of the low energy emulsification method, by stepwise water addition to the mixture of oil and surfactant, at room temperature(25oC).The mixture was stirred by using a magnetic stirrer. The type of the emulsions was confirmed by conductivity measurement. The particles size distribution was analyzed by Dynamic Light Scattering measurement technique using Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK). Rheological studies of the systems were carried out using Brookfield Rheometer Model -R/SPlus. The obtained results showed that properties of the emulsions depend on kind of the oil phase. It was observed that the increase of oil phase polarity causes the increase of the particle size of internal phase

Ekstrakt z brzozy brodawkowatej Cortex Betulae, jako źródło substancji aktywnych biologicznie

For centuries birch extract has been a remedy for various skin problems. It is related to the fact that birch extract contains four or ve cycle triterpenic compounds including betulin, lupeol as well as betulinic and oleanolic acids. ese compounds have bioactive properties, thanks to which they may be applied not only in cosmetology but also in prevention and treatment of many skin diseases, including cancers. As medical research shows, triterpenes trigger the apoptosis process of cancerous cells and at the same time they toxically aect healthy cells. e mechanism of triterpene antioxidant properties is based on activating the enzyme system of an organism responsible for neutralisation of free radicals. anks to its antibacterial and antifungal properties, birch bark extract can be used in products protecting skin against microorganisms. Its bioactive substances regulate functions of the immune system, improve the immune response and stimulate self-healing properties of the body. Birch extract also reduces the risk of skin inammations. Chemical composition of dry birch bark extract is dependent on the conditions of extraction, particularly its time and type of solvent. In the extraction process alcohols or other organic solvents are mostly used due to the strong lipophilic nature of triterpenes. e content of triterpenic compounds in dry birch bark extract accounts for 70%, which makes this plant raw material an extremely rich source of substances belonging to this group.Ekstrakt z kory brzozy stanowi od wieków remedium na różnorakie dolegliwości skórne. Wiąże się to z zawartością w nim cztero- lub pięciocyklicznych związków triterpenowych, między innymi betuliny, lupeolu oraz kwasów betulinowego i ole-anolowego. Związki te wykazują działanie biologicznie czynne, dzięki czemu mogą znaleźć zastosowanie nie tylko w kosmetyce, ale również w prolaktyce i leczeniu wielu chorób skóry, w tym również nowotworów. Jak pokazują badania naukowe, triterpeny wywołują proces apoptozy komórek nowotworowych, nie wykazując przy tym działania toksycznego w stosunku do zdrowych tkanek. Z kolei mecha-nizm działania przeciwutleniającego triterpenów oparty jest na aktywacji systemu enzymatycznego organizmu odpowiedzialnego za neutralizację wolnych rodników. Aktywność przeciwbakteryjna oraz przeciwgrzybicza ekstraktu z kory brzozy umożliwia zastosowanie go w preparatach chroniących skórę przed działaniem drobnoustrojów. Substancje aktywne wyciągu z kory brzozy regulują funkcje układu odpornościowego, wzmacniają odpowiedź immunologiczną i stymulują czynności samonaprawcze organizmu. Ekstrakt brzozowy ogranicza również stany zapalne skóry. Skład suchego ekstraktu z kory brzozy zależy od warunków procesu ekstrakcji, a szczególnie jej czasu i rodzaju zastosowanego rozpuszczalnika. Do ekstrakcji stosuje się najczęściej alkohole lub inne organiczne rozpuszczalniki, ze względu na silnie lipolowy charakter triterpenów. Zawartość związków triterpenowych w suchym ekstrakcie z brzozy sięga 70% masowych, co czyni ten surowiec roślinny niezwykle bogatym źródłem związków z tej grupy

Zastosowanie ekstraktu z kory dębu pozyskanego w warunkach nadkrytycznego CO2 jako składnika kompozycji myjących

Celem pracy było opracowanie kompozycji do mycia zawierających jako składnik przeciwbakteryjny i sebostatyczny, ekstrakt z kory dębu pozyskany w warunkach nadkrytycznych CO2 (SC-CO2). Na podstawie opracowanych receptur otrzymano serię produktów zawiera-jących w swoim składzie od 0,1% do 0,5% ekstraktu. Jako główne składniki myjące zastosowano łagodne związki powierzchniowo czynne (ZPCz): alkilopoliglukozydy, glutaminiany, glicyniany i sarkozyniany. Dla stabilnych produktów przeprowadzono badania właściwości fizykochemicznych i użytkowych, badano pH, napięcie powierzchniowe, lepkość, właściwości myjące i pianotwórcze. Dla wybranych produktów, za pomocą analizatora skóry AramoTS, przeprowadzono badania aparaturowe oceniające wpływ produktów na stan skóry. Analiza otrzymanych wyników wykazała, że ekstrakt SC-CO2 z kory dębumoże znaleźć zastosowanie jako składnik aktywny w kompozycjach myjących przeznaczonych do pielęgnacji cery tłustej i trądzikowej. Otrzymano stabilne produkty do mycia, które dzięki zawartości ekstraktu z kory dębu wykazywały działanie zmniejszające tłustość skóry

At home with users: a comparative view of living labs

Living Labs provide a ‘human-centric’ research approach for the design of new ICT artefacts. In Living Labs users participate over several design stages, providing insights into unexpected ICT use, co-creation and evaluation of new IT solutions. Although this approach is becoming more popular, there is little comparative and reflective work on its practical dynamics, problems and possibilities. In this study, we analyse two 4-year Living Lab projects in Lancaster, UK and Siegen, Germany within the domain of Social TV, and compare experiences. We focus on documenting the purposes, methods and user dynamics that affect the trajectory of such long-term research initiatives, focusing inter alia on the dynamics of researcher/user interaction and the developing issues of trust and managing expectations; emphasizing some often neglected ethical issues and the impact of users' individual characteristics and their role in the community dynamics of Living Labs

Microplastics; occurrence, levels and implications for environment and human health related to food. Scientific opinion of the Scientific Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

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Microplastics; occurrence, levels and implications for environment and human health related to food. Opinion of the Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment

Report from the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food Safety (VKM) 2019:16. Microplastics; occurrence, levels and implications for environment and human health related to food. Opinion of the Steering Committee of the Norwegian Scientific Committee for Food and Environment. Source at https://www.vkm.no/. The steering committee of VKM has self-initiated a mandate for an opinion on microplastics based on recently published international and/or national reports complemented with literature from December 2016 to February 2019. The mandate requested a summary of the state of knowledge on the presence of microplastics in the environment and the implications for the ecosystem, terrestrial and aquatic organisms, food production and human health. An overview of main national and international ongoing initiatives was also requested, and highlighting of data gaps where specific Norwegian data was needed

Preparation and characterization of SBA-1-supported chromium oxide catalysts for CO2CO_{2} assisted dehydrogenation of propane

A series of Crx/SBA-1 cubic mesoporous catalysts with 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, and 15 wt.% content of Cr (Crtotal) were obtained by incipient wetness impregnation of SBA-1. The obtained catalysts were characterized with various physicochemical techniques (chemical composition, low-temperature adsorption of N2, H2–TPR, XRD, UV–vis DRS, Raman, and EPR) and tested in dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO2. Various chromium species including Cr6+, dispersed Cr5+, and crystalline Cr2O3 were found in the calcined Crx/SBA-1 samples. Cr6+ species were present mainly in the form of mono- and dichromates, despite the Cr loading. The presence of dispersed Cr5+ species and crystalline α-Cr2O3 in the calcined catalysts depended on the total Crtotal content. Cr5+ species were found in the samples containing below 7 wt.% of Crtotal, while particles of crystalline α-Cr2O3 were detected in the catalyst with Crtotal content above 5 wt.%. All of the Crx/SBA-1 catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic activity and high selectivity in the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO2 with the maximum propane conversion (37.7% at 550 °C) for ∼7 wt.% of Crtotal. For higher Cr contents the conversion of propane remained almost constant which was connected with the formation of crystalline Cr2O3 which was inactive in the test reaction. Operando UV–vis DRS measurements performed during the dehydrogenation of propane, both in the presence and absence of CO2 at 550 °C, indicated that the Cr6+ species (main redox sites) were reduced rapidly to Cr2+/Cr3+ species already at the beginning of the process. The dispersed Cr2+/Cr3+ ions were the main sites available to the reactants under the dehydrogenation conditions in all of the studied feed compositions

The effect of selected supercritical CO 2

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels

The effect of selected supercritical CO2 plant extract addition on user properties of shower gels

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels

The effect of selected supercritical CO2 plant extract addition on user properties of shower gels

The formulations of washing cosmetics i.e. shower gels, containing extracts obtained during supercritical CO2 extraction process as active ingredient, were developed. The subject of the study was the analysis of the physicochemical and user properties of the obtained products. In the work supercritical CO2 extracts of black currant seeds, strawberry seeds, hop cones and mint leafs were used. The formulation contains a mixture of surfactants (disodium cocoamphodiacetate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, cocoamide DEA, cocoamidepropyl betaine, Sodium Laureth Sulfate). Various thickener agents were applied to the obtained desired rheological properties of the cosmetics. Among others, sorbitol acetal derivatives, methylhydroxypropylcellulose and C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer were used. For stable products, the effect of extracts addition (black currants seeds, strawberries seeds, mint and hops, obtained from supercritical CO2 extraction process) on the cosmetics properties, such as pH, viscosity, detergency and foam ability, were determined. The obtained results showed that the extracts could be used as components of shower gels